Kotsuzumi

Small double-headed, hourglass-shaped drum made with a lacquered wooden shell and two animal skin membranes. The membranes are mounted on concealed, lacquered hoops, and are then laced with a cord that goes through six holes each, being tensioned with a further section of cord around the waist central area. This instrument is one the drums used in the accompanying ensemble for Japanese Noh and Kabuki performances, but it is also used in folk music. It is held up on the right shoulder with the left hand that squeezes the rope, thus varying the tone, and is played with the right hand. The membranes are very susceptible to humidity changes and this can be used to adjust the tone as well, as the player can apply moisture or heat before and during the performances.