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Bassoon. Nominal pitch: C.

Technical description: long joint flamed maple, others ringed maple; stained dark brown; ferrules and keywork in brass. Wing: divided ferrule with rack and pinion tuning device. Butt: A♭ keyhead sited directly below that of F-key; butt-cap, secured by tap-screw, conceals a hinged U-tube (similar to that introduced by Simiot). Long joint: the customary platform key-mounting has been dispensed with; D-key keyhead-guard a plain crescent-shaped lid; nice undercutting to D, B♭ holes. Bell: slight flare to bore at extremity. Crook with fine pin-hole. Refined workmanship throughout.This is the first recorded instance known of a ratchet & pinion tuning device situated at the crook receiver (these devices were being applied by Savary jeune in Paris, by Griesling & Schlott in Berlin from the mid 1820s onwards). The metal U-tube on the butt, introduced 1817 by the maker's neighbour Simiot, was adopted in Germany by Heckel after the mid 19thcentury, but not adopted by French makers in general until the end of the century. L0: B♭; C; D; E♭; harm1; harm2, with each keyhead operating a crookkey. L1: T. L2: T. L3: T. R0: T; C♯; F♯. R1: T. R2: T. R3: T. R4: F; A♭. Keymount type: saddles. Keyhead type: circular, brazed onto shank.